On October 3, Roberts took the judicial oath provided for by the Judiciary Act of 1789, prior to the first oral arguments of the 2005 term. Roberts took the constitutional oath of office, administered by senior Associate Justice John Paul Stevens (who was the acting chief justice during the vacancy) at the White House on the same day as his confirmation. President Bush quickly withdrew the initial nomination and resubmitted it as a nomination for Chief Justice this second Roberts nomination was confirmed by the Senate on September 29, 2005, by a 78–22 vote. However, before the Senate could act upon the nomination, Chief Justice William Rehnquist died. Bush as an associate justice to succeed Sandra Day O'Connor, who had announced her retirement, effective with the confirmation of her successor. Roberts was originally nominated by President George W. ![]() Since the appointment of Barrett, the Roberts Court has been considered the most unpopular Court since polling started by Gallup in 1973. The ideological balance of the court is considered to have shifted further to the right in the following years through the replacement of swing-vote Anthony Kennedy with Brett Kavanaugh in 2018 and the replacement of liberal Ruth Bader Ginsburg with Amy Coney Barrett in 2020. This is due to the retirement of the relatively moderate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and the confirmation of the more conservative Justice Samuel Alito. Since 2006, it is widely considered to be the most conservative court since the Vinson Court (1946–1953). Roberts succeeded William Rehnquist as Chief Justice after the latter's death. ![]() ![]() The Roberts Court is the time since 2005 during which the Supreme Court of the United States has been led by John Roberts as Chief Justice.
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